Engineer (state school, strong ROI) Same in-state university cost, but an engineering salary — the classic 'modest cost, high-paying degree' case where the numbers work out well.
2033–2036
Undergraduate · State university · engineering
age 18–21
2083
Roth + brokerage at age 68
$13,365,533
Total cost of attending
$180,124
compound inflation
529 after graduation
$0
left in the fund
Rolled into Roth IRA
$0
lifetime cap $35,000
Roth IRA at 68
$0
+ $0 still in 529
Brokerage at 68
$13,365,533
leftover drawn down · $0 lost to tax + penalty
Borrowed (student loans)
$90,617
+ $40,656 interest · paid off at age 28
Starting salary
$110,201
at graduation · 4.0%/yr raises + partner/owner stages
Lifetime saved & invested
$5,895,482
after 28.0% tax + 50.0% spending & loans
Net worth at 68
$13,365,533
assets + equity − loans
Year by year
| Phase | Year | Age | Cost | 529 End | → Roth | Roth IRA | Brokerage | Salary | Loan | Net worth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accumulation | 2026 | 11 | $10,000 | $10,000 | ||||||
| Accumulation | 2027 | 12 | $16,885 | $16,885 | ||||||
| Accumulation | 2028 | 13 | $24,232 | $24,232 | ||||||
| Accumulation | 2029 | 14 | $32,070 | $32,070 | ||||||
| Accumulation | 2030 | 15 | $40,433 | $40,433 | ||||||
| Accumulation | 2031 | 16 | $49,357 | $49,357 | ||||||
| Accumulation | 2032 | 17 | $58,878 | $58,878 | ||||||
| Undergraduate · State university · engineering | 2033 | 18 | $41,791 | $27,245 | $27,245 | |||||
| Undergraduate · State university · engineering | 2034 | 19 | $43,880 | $0 | $8,595 | $-8,595 | ||||
| Undergraduate · State university · engineering | 2035 | 20 | $46,074 | $0 | $49,141 | $-49,141 | ||||
| Undergraduate · State university · engineering | 2036 | 21 | $48,378 | $0 | $95,235 | $-95,235 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Entry level | 2037 | 22 | $0 | $110,201 | $87,531 | $-87,531 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Entry level | 2038 | 23 | $0 | $9,115 | $114,609 | $78,546 | $-69,431 | |||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Entry level | 2039 | 24 | $0 | $19,061 | $119,194 | $68,202 | $-49,141 | |||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Entry level | 2040 | 25 | $0 | $29,896 | $123,961 | $56,366 | $-26,470 | |||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Entry level | 2041 | 26 | $0 | $41,679 | $128,920 | $42,891 | $-1,212 | |||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Mid-career | 2042 | 27 | $0 | $54,474 | $181,003 | $21,072 | $33,402 | |||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Mid-career | 2043 | 28 | $0 | $72,233 | $188,243 | $72,233 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Mid-career | 2044 | 29 | $0 | $95,098 | $195,773 | $95,098 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Mid-career | 2045 | 30 | $0 | $144,217 | $203,604 | $144,217 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Mid-career | 2046 | 31 | $0 | $197,621 | $211,748 | $197,621 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Mid-career | 2047 | 32 | $0 | $255,597 | $220,218 | $255,597 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Mid-career | 2048 | 33 | $0 | $318,454 | $229,027 | $318,454 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Mid-career | 2049 | 34 | $0 | $386,519 | $238,188 | $386,519 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Senior | 2050 | 35 | $0 | $460,136 | $311,938 | $460,136 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Senior | 2051 | 36 | $0 | $554,191 | $324,416 | $554,191 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Senior | 2052 | 37 | $0 | $655,879 | $337,392 | $655,879 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Senior | 2053 | 38 | $0 | $765,703 | $350,888 | $765,703 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Senior | 2054 | 39 | $0 | $884,196 | $364,923 | $884,196 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Senior | 2055 | 40 | $0 | $1,011,924 | $379,520 | $1,011,924 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Senior | 2056 | 41 | $0 | $1,149,487 | $394,701 | $1,149,487 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Senior | 2057 | 42 | $0 | $1,297,519 | $410,489 | $1,297,519 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2058 | 43 | $0 | $1,456,694 | $502,246 | $1,456,694 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2059 | 44 | $0 | $1,644,754 | $522,336 | $1,644,754 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2060 | 45 | $0 | $1,846,977 | $543,229 | $1,846,977 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2061 | 46 | $0 | $2,064,269 | $564,958 | $2,064,269 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2062 | 47 | $0 | $2,297,589 | $587,556 | $2,297,589 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2063 | 48 | $0 | $2,547,956 | $611,059 | $2,547,956 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2064 | 49 | $0 | $2,816,444 | $635,501 | $2,816,444 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2065 | 50 | $0 | $3,104,194 | $660,921 | $3,104,194 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2066 | 51 | $0 | $3,412,412 | $687,358 | $3,412,412 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2067 | 52 | $0 | $3,742,375 | $714,852 | $3,742,375 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2068 | 53 | $0 | $4,095,434 | $743,446 | $4,095,434 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2069 | 54 | $0 | $4,473,021 | $773,184 | $4,473,021 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2070 | 55 | $0 | $4,876,647 | $804,112 | $4,876,647 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2071 | 56 | $0 | $5,307,916 | $836,276 | $5,307,916 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2072 | 57 | $0 | $5,768,519 | $869,727 | $5,768,519 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2073 | 58 | $0 | $6,260,250 | $904,516 | $6,260,250 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2074 | 59 | $0 | $6,785,002 | $940,697 | $6,785,002 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2075 | 60 | $0 | $7,344,780 | $978,325 | $7,344,780 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2076 | 61 | $0 | $7,941,704 | $1,017,458 | $7,941,704 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2077 | 62 | $0 | $8,578,013 | $1,058,156 | $8,578,013 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2078 | 63 | $0 | $9,256,077 | $1,100,482 | $9,256,077 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2079 | 64 | $0 | $9,978,400 | $1,144,501 | $9,978,400 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2080 | 65 | $0 | $10,747,629 | $1,190,282 | $10,747,629 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2081 | 66 | $0 | $11,566,561 | $1,237,893 | $11,566,561 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2082 | 67 | $0 | $12,438,154 | $1,287,408 | $12,438,154 | ||||
| Post-grad (529 → Roth) · Lead / management | 2083 | 68 | $0 | $13,365,533 | $1,338,905 | $13,365,533 |